Through this post I am going to tell you about Firoz Shah’s Objectives, if you want to know about Firoz Shah’s Objectives then you can read this post..
Firoz Shah’s Objectives
The untimely death of Muhammad bin Tughlaq pushed the Sultanate towards a disintegration. Firoz followed a policy of gratification to earn cheap popularity in the administration. To save the state from destruction, he executed the works of public welfare. He followed Islamic principles and the paths guided by the Qur’an.
It was mandatory for him to consult the Ulema etc. He followed the path of Sharia law. To please the Ulemas, he got Islamic laws recorded on the minarets of Jama Masjid in Firozabad. He started re-allotting land grants named ‘inam’ (lands given as prizes and grants given for ‘idrad’ allowance) to Ulemas, religious scholars and weaker sections of the society.
The salary of Maulvis or teachers teaching in madrasas was doubled. In order to show love for Muhammad bin Tughlaq and to make himself popular among the public, he got the public to write apologies in the name of Tughlaq and after locking them in the chest, the former Sultan was buried at the head. He gave the tax system a religious or mahajbi character and abolished about twenty-three prevalent taxes and imposed the only four taxes permitted by Islamic Sharia law, namely Kharaj, Zakat, Jizya and Khums. In a hurry, he imposed Jizya on Brahmins also and also started collecting them, due to which the Hindu class became dissatisfied with him.
The greatest success of Firoz’s rule was in the agricultural sector. He made proper arrangements for irrigation by digging canals and wells, making new lands cultivable and introduced good quality crops. Planted 1200 orchards of fruits under the control of the state. Due to the fertile land in modern Punjab and Haryana, by providing more facilities, the agricultural yield was increased. He got the dams constructed, for whose care the appointment of skilled and qualified officers, the construction of these cities started irrigating a wide area. Large tracts of barren land became cultivable, increasing both yield and revenue. Public welfare works were started from this revenue.
Firoz Shah established many industries and businesses to make the country prosperous. About 36 factories were started, in which various items were manufactured. Each factory was under a high-ranking owner. Here the objects of palace use were made. By removing many taxes on internal trade, the Sultan made the business prosperous and the contracting system was applicable to collect taxes. Due to which more money was available, but the sufferings of the people increased.
Firoz also started giving land on contract. Only the highest bidders were given the task of collecting revenue and the contractors used to extort revenue from the kripakas. The Sultan was also very strict in collecting Jizya, due to which most of the Hindus were filled with resentment towards the Sultanate. Firoz was a fanatic sultan, so his judicial system was based on Islamic laws. There was a chief qazi in the capital and several subordinate qazis in the provinces and important cities. The mufti used to interpret the law and the qazi gave the verdict. The importance of Ulemas increased in the judicial system. Changes also took place in the penal law.
Physical torture was greatly reduced. Abolished the punishment of mutilation and the death penalty of Muslims, but retained both the sentences of Hindus. Firoz Shah Tughlaq established an employment office for the unemployed. Officers were also appointed. This department made a list of unemployed. After investigation by the Kotwal, employment was provided to these persons by the Sultan according to their merit.
Built charity and hospitals (Dar-ul-Safa) for the disabled and poor Muslims. For the convenience of Haj pilgrims, along with financial assistance, about two hundred inns and wells were built. Repaired many buildings. He took two pillars of Ashoka to Delhi. These pillars were in Meerut and Khizabad. Firoz Shah got many Urdu schools, Sufi monasteries and madrasas built. Every mosque also had a madrasa. Scholarships were given to the students and salary to the teachers from the Sultanate. Firoz Shah had a keen interest in literature. He gave shelter to many scholars. He was a lover of history.
Scholars like Ziauddin Barani and Shamse Shiraz Afif adorned his court. Barani had composed historical texts like ‘Fatwa-e-Jahandari’ and ‘Tarikh-e-Firozshahi’ by Afif. Sultan himself composed the autobiography ‘Futuhat-e-Firozshahi’. He translated many Sanskrit texts into Persian.
Conclusion
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